The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI

What key insights emerged from the sold-out Women in Energy Risk & Insurance Collaboration session at the 2026 IRMI Energy Risk & Insurance Conference? In this episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, host Joel Appelbaum sits down with Christine Palomba, deputy head of natural resources at Howden US, to discover what it takes to thrive.

Listen as they examine the realities of work-life balance, the critical role relationships play in career advancement, and the difference between mentorship and sponsorship. They also explore the importance of building confidence, taking calculated risks, and embracing feedback.

More than just a conversation about women in business, this episode provides a blueprint for leadership, resilience, career growth, and the power of lifting others as you climb.

Internal Revenue Service (IRS) scrutiny of captive insurance companies has increased in recent years, but what are regulators and courts actually evaluating? In this episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, Joel Appelbaum is joined by George Belokas, president of GPW and Associates, chair of the Self-Insurance Institute of America Captive Committee, and president of the Arizona Captive Insurance Association, to discuss the insurance fundamentals that support well-managed captive insurance companies. Drawing on his actuarial and industry leadership experience, Mr. Belokas explains why the focus extends beyond tax elections to whether a captive is genuinely operating as an insurance company.

The conversation explores the importance of actuarially sound pricing and reserving, risk transfer and risk distribution, and the lessons emerging from recent IRS regulations and court decisions. Mr. Belokas also discusses governance, documentation, and emerging risks such as cyber liability, employee health care, and supply chain disruption, and he explains why captive owners should regularly evaluate whether their captive continues to align with changing organizational risks. He concludes with practical guidance on maintaining strong underwriting, governance, and long-term operational discipline while navigating an evolving regulatory environment.

In this episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, Joel Appelbaum sits down with Carly Pye to talk about how majoring in risk management and insurance (RMI) changed her future. Carly shares the internships, networking opportunities, and real-world experiences that turned a college program into a career path she genuinely is excited about.

Carly and Joel talk candidly about how, originally, she did not think a career in insurance was for her, but the opportunities her RMI major has given her made Carly fully buy into the insurance industry.

Joel and Carly's conversation unlocks what makes a great internship and how to make the most out of your college experience. Listen in, and you may find out that the insurance industry is one of the best-kept secrets for students looking for a rewarding career.

When should an organization seriously consider forming a captive insurance company—and when is it better to wait? In this Captive Insurance 101 episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, Joel Appelbaum speaks with T.J. Scherer, vice president at Spring Consulting Group, about the practical questions organizations should ask before pursuing a captive. The discussion explains what typically prompts companies to explore alternative risk financing, how to distinguish common misconceptions from legitimate opportunities, and why the decision extends far beyond premium size alone.

T.J. also walks through the key elements of a captive feasibility evaluation, including total cost of risk, capital requirements, organizational readiness, leadership alignment, and long-term business strategy. Listeners will learn why captives are strategic risk management tools rather than quick cost-saving solutions, how organizations should think about group versus single-parent structures, and what a typical feasibility study can—and cannot—tell decision-makers before moving forward.

Agriculture is increasingly affected by forces far beyond the farm gate—from commodity markets and interest rates to global economic uncertainty. In this 13-minute episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, Scott Shellady, better known as "The Cow Guy," shares his unique perspective on the trends shaping agriculture and risk today. Scott also offers a preview of his keynote address at the IRMI Emmett J Vaughan Agribusiness Conference, set for August 31–September 2 in Nashville, where he'll discuss navigating uncertainty and finding opportunity in a rapidly changing agricultural economy.

The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI welcomes Hank Dutton, senior technical specialist at Travelers Insurance and certified lift director, in a highly informative discussion on cranes and rigging exposures. Hank highlights important areas of focus, such as roles that should be clarified within rental agreements and where projects get tripped up regarding ground conditions. As an "encore" to Hank's popular session presented at the 2025 IRMI Construction Risk Conference, this talk also provides solutions to avoid unexpected exposures regarding cranes and rigging at a construction site.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing how captive insurance companies and risk retention groups operate, but where does it create the greatest value, and where should human expertise remain firmly in control?

In this episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, Joel Appelbaum is joined by Julie Bordo, president and CEO of PCH Mutual Insurance Company, a Vermont-domiciled healthcare risk retention group serving assisted living and personal care homes across the United States. Julie explains how her organization has used AI to improve claims administration, underwriting workflows, legal operations, and member services while maintaining strong governance and regulatory oversight. The conversation explores how a lean captive organization can use AI to automate repetitive work, summarize complex claims files, enhance operational efficiency, and free staff to focus on strategy and risk management rather than administrative tasks.

Julie also discusses why AI should be viewed as a collaborative assistant rather than a replacement for human judgment. She shares practical guidance on AI governance, cyber security, prompt validation, and organizational policies, while offering advice for captive owners and risk retention groups looking to adopt AI responsibly. The discussion also provides valuable background on how risk retention groups operate within the captive insurance industry and why their collaborative structure supports innovation and specialized risk management.

Self-procurement tax is an often overlooked aspect of captive insurance that can create significant compliance and financial implications if not properly addressed. In this episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, host Joel Appelbaum is joined by Allan Autry, CPA and partner at Johnson Lambert, to explore when self-procurement tax applies, why it exists, and how it affects organizations using captive insurance companies. Allan explains the distinction between premium tax and self-procurement tax, discusses the impact of the Nonadmitted and Reinsurance Reform Act, and outlines how an insured's home state is determined for tax purposes.

The conversation also examines common misconceptions surrounding self-procurement tax, practical compliance considerations, and the challenges organizations face when operating across multiple jurisdictions. Allan shares insights on how self-procurement tax can influence captive domicile decisions, why it should be included in feasibility studies, and how fronting arrangements may alter tax obligations. The discussion concludes with a look at increasing state enforcement activity and steps captive owners and risk managers can take to stay ahead of potential compliance exposures.

Insurers use risk engineers to help customers identify and mitigate risks by assessing their operations and making recommendations for improvements. The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI features Peter Ukstins, head of construction risk engineering at AXA XL, in a talk that was originally presented as a snap talk at the 2025 IRMI Construction Risk Conference. Listen in to Peter's insight on how face-to-face interactions with customers throughout the lifecycle of a project allow risk engineers to gain a deeper understanding of their operations and provide more customized solutions.

Farmers and ranchers are challenged by complex forms needed to apply for critical federal programs, among other things. In this 20-minute episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, ZForm's Lara Goldmark, founder and CEO, and Laura Napoli, cofounder and head of marketing and partnerships, discuss US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and government-required farm program forms, especially those that determine program eligibility and enrollment and in which a small error can delay or restart the entire process. Many federally reinsured crop insurance policies require accurate and timely USDA filings to remain eligible—learn ways to minimize your risk.